三叶草头骨

CLOVERLEAF SKULL
KLEEBLATTSCHADEL

Cloverleaf skull, or Kleeblattschaedel, consists of a trilobular skull with craniosynostosis. The condition shows pathogenetic variability and etiologic heterogeneity. The cause of isolated cloverleaf skull is unknown（Cohen, 2009）.

Cohen（1975） pointed out that Kleeblattschaedel is a component of many syndromes, e.g., it is found in some cases of Crouzon syndrome（123500）, Pfeiffer syndrome（101600）, and Carpenter syndrome（201000）.

Cohen（2009） listed 12 monogenic disorders with cloverleaf skull as a feature, including type II thanatophoric dysplasia（187601）, which accounts for 40% of all cloverleaf skull syndromes. Cohen（2009） published photographs of cloverleaf skull in various syndromes.

▼ History

Kleeblattschaedel was first identified as an entity by Holtermuller and Wiedemann（1960）. Aksu and Mietens（1979） reviewed 96 published cases.